Next Year, 3.5 Inch Hard Disk Predicted Rare

The supply of hard disk drive (HDD) 3.5 inch for desktop and server began to shrink. Apparently the hard drive manufacturer surprised by strong demand abruptly to 3.5 hard drive "it.

According to Digitimes, the Taiwanese suppliers had predicted that there will be increasing demand to drive 2.5 "used in notebooks. Due to rapidly growing demand in notebooks this year, Western Digital (WD), Seagate, Hitachi, Toshiba and Samsung Electronics also increased production HDD 2.5 "him for notebooks.

But none of these producers who estimates that the desktop market will also rise rapidly. WD and Seagate is currently the two main suppliers of HDD 3.5 ". Together, they control more than 80 percent market share. And because both are busy focusing on the notebook, they do not increase production of its hard drive for desktop.

Analysts now predict that there will be scarcity of desktop hard disk drives in mid-2010. Of course, this deficiency will cause prices to rise.

New rules of Facebook

Facebook finally inaugurated their new rules about the privacy issues of control have been many protests over the last few months.

Before formalizing these new rules last week, Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook to send an open letter to all 350 million users. When he promises that there will be changes at Facebook.

In essence, the new choices available to allows users to customize any status updates or anything they post and upload. For example the content can be seen and others.

"Facebook did the transformation of the world's ability to control information online, by encouraging more than 350 million people to personalize who can see any content that they put anything," said Elliot Scharge, Vice President of Communications, Public Policy and Marketing Facebook to information The official, December 10, 2009.

Scharge mention, it designed Facebook so people can control what information you want to share with whom. "That's the reason why we attract the attention of our service user groups from around the world," said Scharge. "The announcement that we do today aims to meet the needs of users," he said

The most significant change made Facebook privacy options which are now available for all users every time they update the status or upload photos. There are now options that allow users to change the content is visible to just friends, friends of friends, all people, or customize their own.

Another new feature provided is the ability to make a list of friends and friends grouped based on what users want to share with them.

This option allows users to share photographs with family only, or make an opinion can be read by everyone. Finally, Facebook is also eliminated the regional network, well-worn features to a site with 350 million users.

8 most influential women

Women have been at the helm of affairs of their country for several generations, but in the 20th century the number of famous women leaders to increase manifold. 8 women are listed below led the country through times of turbulence and peace.

1. Indira Gandhi - Prime Minister of India

Born to India's politically influential Nehru family, he was India's first woman Prime Minister. Hard-nosed pragmatist, he ruled the country with firmness and determination, hard and take tough decisions when necessary. He was killed by two guards himself in 1984.


2. Margaret Thatcher - Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Dubbed the "Iron Lady" for her tough stance against the former Soviet Union, he led the country through the recession and high unemployment rate into a period of relative prosperity, and increase in stature among the nations. He was the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom.

3. Benazir Bhutto - Prime Minister of Pakistan

Daughter of Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the country he ruled from 1988-1990, and 1993-1996. He was assassinated in 2007, during the election campaign. It is widely expected that he will continue to be the Prime Minister's third term notes.

4. Corazon Aquino - President of the Philippines

Asia's first woman president, she was a novice when he was elected president shortly after the assassination of her husband. He is a strong supporter of women's rights and democracy as opposed to the dictatorial rule of Ferdinand Marcos.

5. Sonia Gandhi - India's Congress Party Leader

It is believed by many to be the power behind the throne, he did not hold political office, but state regulations. Italy's birth, he adopted India as his country after her marriage to Rajiv Gandhi. He has been nominated as the third most powerful woman in the world.

6. Eva Perón - wife of President of Argentina

The second wife of President Juan Peron, she was a very strong woman, because the effects on her husband, and fight for the rights of the poor and the women of Argentina. He ran the Department of Health and Labor, and found the woman's first major political parties in the country.

7. Golda Meir - Prime Minister of Israel

Referred to as "the best in the Cabinet" by Daivd Ben Gurion, he was the fourth Prime Minister of Israel. The crisis is largest during the period of 1973 Yom Kippur War, where he made the decision to avoid pre-emptive attack, which gained approval from the greatest ally, the United States.

8. Sirimavo Bandarnaike - Prime Minister of Sri Lanka

The first woman in the world to become Prime Minister of a country, he rules Sri Lanka three times, 1960-1965, 1970-1977 and 1994 to 2000. He is the head of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party for 40 years until his death. His term saw the country to see through the good and bad times, and during the last semester he was more popular abroad than he did in his own country.

top 10 famous hacker

The expertise of a hacker is often considered 'troublesome' number of victims. Yet not all be branded as negative hackers, many of them are using their expertise for the purposes of viewing or improve weaknesses in the computer software.

But the effect, caused by a number of hackers who used his skills for evil purposes is often a hacker got a negative view of society.

The journey to become a hacker himself traveled through a long journey. To become a famous hacker, often have to deal with the prison. Just look at the way 10 the following world-renowned hackers as reported by the Telegraph, Sunday (29/11).

1. Kevin Mitnick
Born August 6, 1963 this is one of the computer hacker most controversial in the late 20th century. United States Court even referred to him as a criminal fugitive most wanted computer in America. Kevin's been known to break into computer networks of major telecommunications companies such as Alcatel, Fujitsu and Motorola.

The FBI arrested Kevin Mitnick in January 1995 in her apartment in the city of Raleigh, North Carolina on charges of assault against the government. Currently, he job as a security consultant computer network system.

2. Kevin Poulson
Long before he became a senior editor at Wired News, Men's full name is Kevin Lee Poulsen was known as an excellent hacker. Born in Pasadena, United States, 1965 was never broken into the fixed line network owned by Los Angeles radio station KIIS-FM, so he often won the radio quizzes. Even over the phone via a radio quiz show he can win a major prize, a Porsche.

3. Adrian Lamo
Adrian Lamo's name is often dubbed as 'the homeless hacker' the article he often did its actions in coffee shops, libraries or internet cafe. Action the most attention was when he broke into the company's network of media, the New York Times and Microsoft, MCI WorldCom, Ameritech, Cingular. Not only that, he also managed to infiltrate the system's AOL Time Warner, Bank of America, Citigroup, McDonald's and Sun Microsystems. Now he is living as a journalist.

4. Stephen Wozniak
'Woz' as he was usually called. We have perhaps better known as a founder of Apple. But as a student, Wozniak has become a fairly competent hacker. 59-year-old man was known to have broken into the phone network that enables long distance calls without paying anything and without a time limit. The instrument was made during a student is known by the name 'blue boxes'

5. Loyd Blankenship
The man nicknamed the mentor was once a prominent member of a hacker group in 1980 Legion Of Doom. Blakenship is the author of The Conscience of a Hacker (Hacker Manifesto). The book, written after he was captured and published in the underground hacker ezine Phrack.

6. Michael Calce
From an early age Calce was known as a Hacker. Action to break the commercial sites of the world did when he was 15 years old. Men who use the name in any action MafiaBoy, is arrested when the break in 2000 ruffled eBay, Amazon and Yahoo.

7. Robert Tappan Morris
The name Morris is known as an internet virus maker in 1988, otherwise known as the 'Morris Worm' is known to damage approximately 6000 computers. Due his act he be sanctioned for social work for 4000 hours. Now he works as an educator at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

8. The Masters Of Deception
The Masters Of Deception (MoD) is a group of hackers based in New York. These groups often disrupt the phone network owned Telecommunications Company like AT & T. Some members of this group were arrested in 1992 and thrown into prison.

9. David L. Smith
Smith is known as the inventor of Mellisa worm, which was first discovered on March 26, 1999. Mellisa is often also known as "Mailissa", "Simpsons", "Kwyjibo", or "Kwejeebo". The virus is distributed via email. Smith himself eventually dragged to jail because the virus had caused approximately $ 80 million

10. Sven Jaschan
Jaschan to carve his name as a villain in the virtual world in 2004 when a malicious program Netsky and Sasser worms. Currently he works in a network security company.

computer hierarchy

Old method for comparing various computer classes are based on processing power. Analysts typically divide the computer into six categories: supercomputers, mainframes, midrange computers (mini computers and servers), workstations, notebooks, and PCs and various equipment.


Supercomputer

 The term does not refer to the supercomputer particular technology, but on the fastest computing machines are available in a period. Supercomputers usually handle the job very complicated for a series of very large data. Rather than just for processing and business applications, supercomputers typically run military and scientific applications, although its use for commercial applications, such as data mining, has increased. General supercomputer operates four to ten times faster than the next fastest computer classes.


Mainframe Computers

Although mainframe computers more and more regarded as another type of server, based on the sophistication scale performance and reliability, the mainframe remains a distinct class of system hardware and software features. Mainframe still popular in many large companies to komputansi broad applications and are accessed by thousands of users. Examples of mainframe applications include airfare reservation systems, payroll companies, and the calculation and reporting of student values.


Midrange Computers

Minicomputer also called, are relatively inexpensive, small, and compact, which perform the same function with mainframe computers, but in a more limited scope. Even the line between mini-computers to mainframes becomes less clear in terms of cost and performance. Minicomputer usually supports computer networks, allowing its users to share files, software, peripherals, and various other network resources. Minicomputer can provide flexibility for companies who do not want to spend money on IT in the form of mainframes that are less measurable.

Midrange Computer smaller is called the server. Servers are typically used to support the network, allowing users to share files, Software and other network equipment. Companies that have a great need for e-commerce website and have a very large often run the web and various e-commerce applications through several servers.


Workstation

The vendor computer workstations initially developed to provide a high level of performance required by the technicians. Thus, a workstation running the application of scientific, technical, financial and quite complicated. Workstations are usually based on RISC architecture (reduced instruction set computing) and provides high-speed calculations and high resolution graphics display. Computer is getting wide acceptance in the scientific community and recently in the business community.


PC

Pc became the dominant method to access workgroup applications. This computer is a system of ordinary microcomputers and general and that has become a standard tool for businesses, and more and more also for home. Computer is usually designed modular, with separate but connected monitor, keyboard and CPU.


Notebook

Microcomputers, notebooks are small, portable, and lightweight. Computer is designed for maximum comfort and convenience to carry, allowing access to processing power and data outside the office environment. It costs more than desktop for the same functionality.

panda antivirus for netbooks

Netbook / mini laptop is mostly using the atom processor lately very popular in many circles due to smaller and lighter than ordinary laptops and a cheaper price.
Performance of the Atom itself is more limited compared to other processors. Therefore, regular antivirus would be more burdensome than the performance of your netbook. Panda provides a solution to remove Panda Antivirus for Netbooks, which are created using the latest ultraportable technology very mild and does not burden the netbook performance. Antivirus uses TruPrevent technology and Collective Intelligence. Compatible with Windows 7.

Antara Adat Dan Ibadah

Antara Adat Dan Ibadah

Syaikh Ali bin Hasan Al-Halabi Al-Atsari

 

Ini adalah sub kajian yang sangat penting yang membantah anggapan orang yang dangkal akal dan ilmunya, jika bid’ah atau ibadah yang mereka buat diingkari dan dikritik, sedang mereka mengira melakukan kebaikan, maka mereka menjawab : “Demikian ini bid’ah ! Kalau begitu, mobil bid’ah, listrik bid’ah, dan jam bid’ah!”

Sebagian orang yang memperoleh sedikit  dari ilmu fiqih terkadang merasa lebih pandai daripada ulama Ahli Sunnah dan orang-orang yang mengikuti As-Sunnah dengan mengatakan kepada mereka sebagai pengingkaran atas teguran mereka yang mengatakan bahwa amal yang baru yang dia lakukan itu bid’ah seraya dia menyatakan bahwa “asal segala sesuatu adalah diperbolehkan”.

Ungkapan seperti itu tidak keluar dari mereka melainkan karena kebodohannya tentang kaidah pembedaan antara adat dan ibadah. Sesungguhnya kaidah terseubut berkisar pada dua hadits.

Pertama  : Sabda Nabi صلی الله عليه وسلم.

“Artinya : Barangsiapa melakukan hal yang baru dalam urusan (agama) kami ini yang tidak ada di dalamnya, maka amal itu tertolak”.

Hadits ini telah disebutkan takhrij dan syarahnya secara panjang lebar.

Kedua : Sabda Nabi صلی الله عليه وسلم dalam peristiwa penyilangan serbuk sari kurma yang sangat masyhur.

“Artinya : Kamu lebih mengetahui tentang berbagai urusan duniamu”

Hadits ini terdapat dalam Shahih Muslim (1366) dimasukkan ke dalam bab dengan judul : “Bab Wajib Mengikuti Perkataan Nabi صلی الله عليه وسلم Dalam Masalah Syari’at Dan Yang Disebutkan Nabi صلی الله عليه وسلم Tentang Kehidupan Dunia Berdasarkan Pendapat”, dan ini merupakan penyusunan bab yang sangat cermat

Atas dasar ini maka sesungguhnya penghalalan dan pengharaman, penentuan syari’at, bentuk-bentuk ibadah dan penjelasan jumlah, cara dan waktu-waktunya, serta meletakkan kaidah-kaidah umum dalam muamalah adalah hanya hak Allah dan Rasul-Nya dan tidak ada hak bagi ulil amri [1] di dalamnya. Sedangkan kita dan mereka dalam hal tersebut adalah sama. Maka kita tidak boleh merujuk kepada mereka jika terjadi perselisihan. Tetapi kita harus mengembalikan semua itu kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya.

Adapun tentang  bentuk-bentuk urusan dunia maka mereka lebih mengetahui daripada kita. Seperti para ahli pertanian lebih mengetahui tentang apa yang lebih maslahat dalam mengembangkan pertanian. Maka jika mereka mengeluarkan keputusan yang berkaitan dengan pertanian, umat wajib mentaatinya dalam hal tersebut. Para ahli perdagangan ditaati dalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan urusan perdagangan.

Sesungguhnya mengembalikan sesuatu kepada orang-orang yang berwenang dalam kemaslahatan umum adalah seperti merujuk kepada dokter dalam mengetahui makanan yang berbahaya untuk dihindari dan yang bermanfaat darinya untuk dijadikan santapan. Ini tidak berarti bahwa dokter adalah yang menghalalkan makanan yang manfaat atau mengharamkan makanan yang mudharat. Tetapi sesungguhnya dokter hanya sebatas sebagai pembimbing sedang yang menghalalkan dan mengharamkan adalah yang menentukan syari’at (Allah dan Rsul-Nya), firmanNya.

“Artinya : Dan menghalalkan bagi mereka segala hal yang baik dan mengharamkan bagi mereka segala hal yang buruk” [Al-Araf : 157] [2].

Dengan demikian anda mengetahui bahwa setiap bid’ah dalam agama adalah sesat dan tertolak. Adapun bid’ah dalam masalah dunia maka tiada larangan di dalamnya selama tidak bertentangan dengan landasan yang telah ditetapkan dalam agama [3]. Jadi, Allah membolehkan anda membuat apa yang anda mau dalam urusan dunia dan cara berproduksi yang anda mau. Tetapi anda harus memperhatikan kaidah keadilan dan menangkal bentuk-bentuk mafsadah serta mendatangkan bentuk-bentuk maslahat.” [4]

Adapun kaidah dalam hal ini menurut ulama sebagaimana dikatakan Ibnu Taimiyah [5] adalah : “Sesungguhnya amal-amal manusia terbagi kepada : Pertama, ibadah yang mereka jadikan sebagai agama, yang bermanfaat bagi mereka di akhirat atau bermanfaat di dunia dan akhirat. Kedua, adat yang bermanfaat dalam kehidupan mereka. Adapun kaidah dalam hukum adalah asal dalam bentuk-bentuk ibadah tidak disyari’atkan kecuali apa yang telah disyariatkan Allah. Sedangkan hukum asal dalam adat [6] adalah tidak dilarang kecuali apa yang dilarang Allah”.

Dari keterangan diatas tampak dengan jelas bahwa tidak ada bid’ah dalam masalah adat, produksi dan segala sarana kehidupan umum”.

Hal tersebut sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Syaikh Mahmud Syaltut dalam kitabnya yang sangat bagus, Al-Bid’ah Asabbuha wa Madharruha (hal. 12 –dengan tahqiq saya), dan saya telah mengomentarinya sebagai berikut, “Hal-hal tersebut tiada kaitannya dengan hakikat ibadah. Tetapi hal tersebut harus diperhatikan dari sisi dasarnya, apakah dia bertentangan dengan hukum-hukum syari’at ataukah masuk di dalamnya”.

Di sini terdapat keterangan yang sangat cermat yang diisyaratkan oleh Imam Syathibi dalam kajian yang panjang dalam Al-I’tisham (II/73-98) yang pada bagian akhirnya disebutkan, “Sesungguhnya hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan adat jika dilihat dari sisi adatnya, maka tidak ada bid’ah di dalamnya. Tetapi jika adat dijadikan sebagai ibadah atau diletakkan pada tempat ibadah maka ia menjadi bid’ah”.

Dengan demikian maka “tidak setiap yang belum ada pada masa Nabi صلی الله عليه وسلم dan juga belum ada pada masa Khulafa Rasyidin dinamakan bid’ah. Sebab setiap ilmu yang baru dan bermanfaat bagi manusia wajib dipelajari oleh sebagian kaum muslimin agar menjadi kekuatan mereka dan dapat meningkatkan eksistensi umat Islam.

Sesungguhnya bid’ah adalah sesuatu yang baru dibuat oleh manusia dalam bentuk-bentuk ibadah saja. Sedangkan yang bukan dalam masalah ibadah dan tidak bertentangan dengan kaidah-kaidah syari’at maka bukan bid’ah sama sekali” [7]

Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah dalam Al-Qawa’id An-Nuraniyah Al-Fiqhiyah (hal. 22) berkata, “ Adapun adat adalah sesuatu yang bisa dilakukan manusia dalam urusan dunia yang berkaitan dengan kebutuhan mereka, dan hukum asal pada masalah tersebut adalah tidak terlarang. Maka tidak boleh ada yang dilarang kecuali apa yang dilarang Allah. Karena sesungguhnya memerintah dan melarang adalah hak prerogratif Allah. Maka ibadah harus berdasarkan perintah. Lalu bagaimana sesuatu yang tidak diperintahkan di hukumi sebagai hal yang dilarang?

Oleh karena itu, Imam Ahmad dan ulama fiqh ahli hadits lainnya mengatakan, bahwa hukum asal dalam ibadah adalah tauqifi (berdasarkan dalil). Maka, ibadah tidak disyariatkan kecuali dengan ketentuan Allah, sedang jika tidak ada ketentuan dari-Nya maka pelakunya termasuk orang dalam firman Allah.

“Artinya : Apakah mereka mempunyai para sekutu yang mensyari’atkan untuk mereka agama  yang tidak dizinkan Allah?” [Asy-Syuraa : 21]

Sedangkan hukum asal dalam masalah adat adalah dimaafkan (boleh). Maka, tidak boleh dilarang kecuali yang diharamkan Allah.

“Artinya : Katakanlah. Terangkanlah kepadaku tentang rezki yang diturunkan Allah kepadamu, lalu kamu jadikan sebagiannya haram dan (sebagiannya) halal. ‘Katakanlah, ‘Apakah Allah telah memberikan izin kepadamu (tentang ini) ataukah kamu mengada-adakan saja terhadap Allah?” [Yunus : 59]

Ini adalah kaidah besar yang sangat berguna. [8]

Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi dalam Al-Halal wal Haram fil Islam (hal.21)berkata, “Adapun adat dan muamalah, maka bukan Allah pencetusnya, tetapi manusialah yang mencetuskan dan berinteraksi dengannya, sedang Allah datang membetulkan, meluruskan dan membina serta menetapkannya pada suatu waktu dalam hal-hal yang tidak mendung mafsadat dan mudharat”.

Dengan mengetahui kaidah ini [9], maka akan tampak cara menetapkan hukum-hukum terhadap berbagai kejadian baru, sehingga tidak akan berbaur antara adat dan ibadah dan tidak ada kesamaran bid’ah dengan penemuan-penemuan baru pada masa sekarang. Dimana masing-masing mempunyai bentuk sendiri-sendiri dan masing-masing ada hukumnya secara mandiri.

[Disalin dari kitab Ilmu Ushul Al-Fiqh Al-Bida’ Dirasah Taklimiyah Muhimmah Fi Ilmi Ushul Fiqh, edisi Indonesia Membedah Akar Bid’ah,Penulis Syaikh Ali Hasan Ali Abdul Hamid Al-Halabi Al-Atsari, Penerjemah Asmuni Solihan Zamakhsyari, Penerbit Pustaka Al-Kautsar]
__________
Foote Note
[1]. Maksudnya ulama dan umara
[2]. Ushul fil Bida’ was Sunan : 94
[3]. Ini batasan yang sangat penting, maka hendaklah selalu mengingatnya!
[4]. Ushul fil Bida’ was Sunan : 106
[5]. Al-Iqtidha II/582
[6]. Lihat Al-I’tiham I/37 oleh Asy-Syatibi.
[7]..Dari ta’liq Syaikh Ahmad Syakir tentang kitab Ar-Raudhah An-Nadiyah I/27
[8]. Sungguh Abdullah Al-Ghumari dalam kitabnya “Husnu At-Tafahhum wad Darki” hal. 151 telah mencampuradukkan kaidah ini dengan sangat buruk, karena menganggap setiap sesuatu yang tidak terdapat larangannya yang menyatakan haram atau makruh, maka hukum asal untuknya adalah dipebolehkan. Dimana dia tidak merincikan antara adat dan ibadah. Dan dengan itu, maka dia telah membantah pendapatnya sendiri yang juga disebutkan dalam kitabnya tersebut seperti telah dijelaskan sebelumnya.
[9]. Lihat Al-Muwafaqat II/305-315, karena di sana terdapat kajian penting dan panjang lebar yang melengkapi apa yang ada di sini.

Kategori: Bid'ah Dan Bahayanya
Sumber: http://www.almanhaj.or.id
Tanggal: Selasa, 5 Juni 2007 01:17:04 WIB